Mitochondrial DNA is in higher concentration, lasts longer, and can be extracted from bones.

Mitochondrial DNA is in higher concentration, lasts longer, and can be extracted from bones.

There is a long history of how DNA sequencing can bring certainty to people's lives.

There is a long history of how DNA sequencing can bring certainty to people's lives.

There is a long history of how DNA sequencing can bring certainty to people's lives.

We all evolved out of the same three or four groups in Africa, as black Africans.

We all evolved out of the same three or four groups in Africa, as black Africans.

We all evolved out of the same three or four groups in Africa, as black Africans.

Traditional ways of distinguishing populations are irrelevant in terms of genetic code.

Traditional ways of distinguishing populations are irrelevant in terms of genetic code.

Traditional ways of distinguishing populations are irrelevant in terms of genetic code.

Fred Sanger was one of the most important scientists of the 20th century.

Fred Sanger was one of the most important scientists of the 20th century.

Fred Sanger was one of the most important scientists of the 20th century.

I willed myself through a junior college to a university and, ultimately, a Ph.D.

I willed myself through a junior college to a university and, ultimately, a Ph.D.

I willed myself through a junior college to a university and, ultimately, a Ph.D.

My early years were hardly a model of focus, discipline, and direction. No one who met me as a teenager could have imagined my going into research and making important discoveries. No one could have predicted the arc of my career.

My early years were hardly a model of focus, discipline, and direction. No one who met me as a teenager could have imagined my going into research and making important discoveries. No one could have predicted the arc of my career.

My early years were hardly a model of focus, discipline, and direction. No one who met me as a teenager could have imagined my going into research and making important discoveries. No one could have predicted the arc of my career.

You can imagine: 99 percent of your experiments fail for one reason or another.

You can imagine: 99 percent of your experiments fail for one reason or another.

You can imagine: 99 percent of your experiments fail for one reason or another.

We can create new ways to create clean water.